United Kingdom

Table of Contents

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country located in north-western Europe. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain (consisting of the constituent countries of England, Wales and Scotland) the north-­eastern part of the island of Ireland and many other smaller islands within the British Isles. It should be noted that the channel Islands, however, consisting of Jersey and Guernsey, although being crown dependencies of the United Kingdom, are not geographically part of the country.

The north-­eastern part of the island of Ireland, known as Northern Ireland, shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland. Otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles (240,000 km2).

The United Kingdom has been open to players since Respublica's launch in 2018.

Politics
The United Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is the monarch and head of state of the UK, as well as 15 other independent countries. These 16 countries are sometimes referred to as "Commonwealth realms". The monarch has "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". The Constitution of the United Kingdom is uncodified and consists mostly of a collection of disparate written sources, including statutes, judge-made case law and international treaties, together with constitutional conventions. As there is no technical difference between ordinary statutes and "constitutional law", the UK Parliament can perform "constitutional reform" simply by passing Acts of Parliament, and thus has the political power to change or abolish almost any written or unwritten element of the constitution. No Parliament can pass laws that future Parliaments cannot change.

Government
The UK has a parliamentary government based on the Westminster system that has been emulated around the world: a legacy of the British Empire. The parliament of the United Kingdom meets in the Palace of Westminster and has two houses: an elected House of Commons and an appointed House of Lords. All bills passed are given Royal Assent before becoming law.

The position of prime minister, the UK's head of government, belongs to the person most likely to command the confidence of the House of Commons; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. The prime minister chooses a cabinet and its members are formally appointed by the monarch to form Her Majesty's Government. By convention, the monarch respects the prime minister's decisions of government.

The cabinet is traditionally drawn from members of the prime minister's party or coalition and mostly from the House of Commons but always from both legislative houses, due to the UK's bicameral legislature. The cabinet is held accountable to both houses. The limited level of power delegated to the executive is exercised by the prime minister and cabinet.

Legislature
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The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Crown dependencies and British Overseas territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and British Overseas territories. Parliament being bicameral in design consists of two chambers; the House of Commons and the Lords Spiritual and Temporal.

The lower house, known as the House of Commons, is the de facto primary chamber of Parliament. The house consists of 650 members, known as Members of Parliament (MP's), each representing one of 650 constituencies across all four nations of the UK. Each constituency elects a single member of parliament by simple plurality.

The upper house, known officially as the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, or colloquially as the House of Lords, is the unelected chamber of Parliament. Membership can only be obtained on appointment. Habitually, members are appointed due to their extensive knowledge in a particular subject area, or due to their long and unstinting service in their respective field. Both Houses of Parliament meet in separate chambers, located at the Palace of Westminster.

Although the House of Lords is officially the upper house of Parliament, in the modern-day, its powers are extremely limited in favour of much of Parliament's legislative function being discharged by the elected chamber. With a few exceptions, the House of Lords no longer holds the power to block legislation from being enacted, however, it still holds the authority to delay legislation for up to a year.

History
The United Kingdom was one of the two first nations added to Respublica in late 2018. The first election went well with Labour creating a minority government and winning a plurality of seats. However, by the third election, the Conservatives won power and that's when the year of tory rule began. From the 16th Jan 2019 till the 13th Nov 2019 the United Kingdom was run by the conservative party with little opposition. Until the Tory leader, Enzo Liddell-Grainger began to lose interest and the Tory party began to finally decline. From then on the UK was ruled by Labour until the Women's Equality Party won out on the 22nd April 2020 and since then politics have been much more divided in the United Kingdom.

After 11 months of PFC rule, the Conservatives leading the National Democratic Coalition finally regained government on 3rd October 2021.

Geography
The United Kingdoms land lies mainly within the boundaries of the British isles with the largest island being Great Britain which is where the vast majority of the British population lies. The island of Great Britain, there are 3 of the 4 nations with in the UK those nations On are England, Wales and Scotland. Meanwhile, on the smaller Ireland of Ireland which is split between North and South, there are the Ulster/Northern Irish who are the 4th nation in the United Kingdom. Please click the image on the left to see more about the nations that make up the United Kingdom.

Political Parties
The United Kingdom is a diverse nation with several varying political parties. In the past, the electorate favoured two political parties, those being the Conservative Party and the Labour Party, which both have held power over the United Kingdom at one time or another. With the modern-day United Kingdom shaped by the formation of coalitions, particularly the People First Coalition and the New Democratic Coalition, there is a larger space for many more political parties to be created and proportionately established within Parliament.

UK General Elections
The United Kingdom runs General Election where candidates must run in a constituency to become that areas Member of Parliament. Prime Ministers are not elected by the public rather the party with the largest number of MP's gets invited by her majesty to form a Government. Click this link to see a full list of general elections in the United Kingdom. Click this link to see the First United Kingdom General Election.